*(Stine 105)
Organism/Virus | Clinical Manifestation | Possible Treatments |
Protozoa | ||
Cyptosporidium muris | Gastroenteritis (inflammation of stomach-intestine membranes) | Investigational only |
Isospora belli | Gastroenteritis | Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) |
Toxoplasma gondii | Encephalitis (brain abscess), retinitis, disseminated | Pyrimethamine and leucovorin, plus sulfadiazine, or Clindamycin, Bactrim |
Fungi | ||
Candida sp. | Stomatitis (thrush), proctitis, vaginitis, esophagitis | Nystatin, clotrimazole, ketoconazole |
Coccidioides immitis | Meningitis, dissemination | Amphotericin B, fluconazole, ketoconazole |
Histoplasma capsulatum | Pneumonia, dissemination | Amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole |
Pneumocystis carinii | Pneumonia | Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra), Pentamidine, Dapsone |
Bacteria | ||
Mycobacterium aviumcomplex (MAC) | Dissemination, pneumonia, diarrhea, weight loss, lymphadenopathy, severe gastrointestinal disease | Rifampin + ethambutol + clofazimine + cirpofloxacin +/- amikacin; clarithromycin & azithromycin (both investigational) |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis(TB) | Pneumonia (tuberculosis), meningitis, dissemination | Isoniazid (INH) + rifampin + ethambutol +/- pyrazinamide |
Viruses | ||
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Fever, hepatitis, encephalitis, renitis, pneumonia, colitis, esophagitis | Ganciclovir, Foscarnet |
Epstein-Barr | Oral hairy leukoplakia, B cell lymphoma | Acyclovir |
Herpes simplex | Mucocutaneous (mouth, genital, rectal) blisters and/or ulcers, pneumonia, esophagitis, encephalitis | Acyclovir |
Papovavirus J-C | Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy | none |
Varicella-zoster | Dermatomal skin lesions (shingles), encephalitis | Acyclovir, Foscarnet |
Cancers | ||
Kaposi's sarcoma | Disseminated mucocutaneous lesions often involving skin, lymph nodes, visceral organs (especially lungs & GI tract) | Local injection, surgical excision or radiation to small, localized lesions; Chemotherapy with vincristine & Bleomycin |
Primary lymphoma of the brain | Headache, palsies, seizures, hemiparesis, mental status, or personality changes | Radiation and/or chemotherapy |
Systemic lymphomas | Fever, night sweats, weight loss, enlarged lymph nodes | Chemotherapy |