Name ______KEY_______________ Biology 112 – Quiz (Chapter 24)

1) (3 points) Darwin broke the process of Evolution by Natural Selection into four postulates. However, we have simplified it to three conditions necessary for natural selection to occur. What are they?

Variation in traits

Heritability of those traits

Differential Reproductive success as a result of the variation in the traits

2) (1 point) Natural Selection causes changes over time in:

a. Individuals

b. Populations

3) (1 point) Which traits result from convergent evolution?

NOTE: everyone gets 1 point for this question!

a. analogous traits

b. homologous traits

c. developmental homologies

d. vestigial traits

4) (1 point) What is considered Darwin’s greatest contribution to science?

HINT: Which of the following new observations changed the way we understand the world?

a. Darwin was the first to recognize that species change over time.

b. Darwin recognized the “original species.”

c. Darwin recognized that the process we now know as Evolution by Natural Selection.

d. Darwin recognized the heritable basis of traits (genetics).

5) (1 point) A modern definition of evolution is _____.

a. a change in an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce as it grows older

b. an increase in the fitness of a population

c. a change in allele frequencies in a population over time

d. a change in an individual’s fitness over time

6) (1 point) Resistance to a wide variety of insecticides, fungicides, antibiotics, antiviral drugs, and herbicides has recently evolved in hundreds of insects, fungi, bacteria, viruses, and plants. Why?

a. Mutations are on the rise.

b. No new species are evolving, just resistant strains or varieties. This is not evolution by natural selection.

c. Humans are altering the environments of these organisms, and populations of these organisms are evolving by natural selection.

7) (1 point) Rifampin is an anti-biotic used to treat tuberculosis. Which statement best explains that rifampin resistance in M. tuberculosis is an adaptation?

a. Rifampin resistance is a heritable trait that increases the fitness of individuals compared to susceptible individuals.

b. Rifampin resistance is caused by a point mutation in the rpoB gene.

c. A mutation occurred in the rpoB gene of one cell, allowing the mutant cell to grow and divide.

d. Drug-resistant strains now account for about 10 percent of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis–caused infections throughout the world.

8) (1 point) During the drought of 1977 on Daphne Major in the Galapagos, 84 percent of the medium ground finch population disappeared. The individuals that survived had deeper beaks and were larger. Given that natural selection favored large individuals with deeper beaks, how can the presence of individuals with small, pointier beaks in 1983 be explained?

HINT: Think about the data presented in the text. Consider all the requirements and postulates of evolution by natural selection.

a. These islands were colonized from the mainland. These small-beaked individuals must have flown over from Ecuador.

b. These islands must have received immigrants from a neighboring island.

c. Even though the majority of birds after 1977 had deeper beaks, there was variation in beak size in the population. As seed type and seed availability changed, birds with beaks suited to exploit abundant seeds had higher reproductive success.

d. Researchers were not measuring juvenile birds in 1977 but did measure juvenile birds in 1983. It is a well-known fact that juvenile birds are small and have small beaks.