Acknowledgements

Thank you to Professor Ray Heithaus of Kenyon College for help with the research, writing, and web design of this project. Thank you also to Professor Siobhan Fennessy of Kenyon College for her help and support. Many thanks to Tom Rushton for helping to create this web page. Lynne Stone of the Boulder-White Clouds Council provided much information about current wolf issues in Idaho. Thanks to the 'Ladies of the Tree-fort' for their support.

 

 

Works cited

Baker, W. L., J. A. Munroe, and A. E. Hessl. 1996. The Effects of Elk on Aspen in the Winter Range in Rocky Mountain National Park. Ecography 20: 155-65.

Bangs, E. E., and S. E. Fritts. 1996. Reintroducing the Gray Wolf to Central Idaho and Yellowstone National Park. Willife Society Bulletin 24: 402-13.

Bass, Rick. 1992. The Ninemile Wolves. New York: Ballantine Books.

Bergerud, AT. 1998. Caribou, Wolves, and Man. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 3, no. 3: 68-72.

Breitenmoser, Urs. 1998. Large Predators in the Alps: The Fall and Rise of Man's Competitors. Biological Conservation 83, no. 3: 279-89.

Chadwick, Douglas H. 1998. The Return of the Gray Wolf. National Geographic : 76-99.

Chapman, Richard C. 1978. Rabies: Decimation of a Wolf Pack in Arctic Alaska. Science 201, no. 4353: 365-7.

Corbett, Sara. 2000. On the Run With Wolf B36. The New York Times Magazine: 1-10.

Cozza, Katherine, Rosario Fico, and Maria-Luisa Battistini. 1996. The Damage-Conservation Interface Illustrated by Predation on Domestic Livestock in Central Italy. Biological Conservation 78: 329-36.

Dale, B. W., L. G. Adams, and R. T. Bowyer. 1994. Functional Response of Wolves Preying on Barren-Ground Caribou in a Multiple-Prey Ecosystem. Journal of Animal Ecology 63: 644-52.

DeBlieu, Jan. 1993. Meant to Be Wild - The Struggle to Save Endangered Species Through Captive Breeding. Colorado: Fulcrum Publishing.

Dobson, Andrew P. 1998. Conservation and Biodiversity. New York: Scientific American Library.

Estes, J. A. 1996. Predators and Ecosystem Management. Wildlife Society Bulletin 24: 390-6.

Fritts, S. H., and L. N. Carbyn. 1995. Population Viability, Nature Reserves, and the Outlook for Gray Wolf Conservation in North America. Restoration Ecology 3, no. 26-38.

Fuller, Todd K. 1989. Wildlife Monographs - Population Dynamics of Wolves in North-Central Minnesota. The Journal of Wildlife Management 53, no. 4: 1-41.

Glowacinski, Zbigniew, and Piotr Profus. 1997. Potential Impacts of Wolves (Canis Lupus) on Prey Populations in Eastern Poland. Biological Conservation 80: 99-106.

Haight, R. G., D. J. Mladenoff, and A. P. Wydeven. 1998. Modeling Disjunct Gray Wolf Populations in Semi-Wild Landscapes. Conservation Biology 12: 879-88.

Harrison, D. J., and T. G. Chapin. 1998. Extent and Connectivity of Habitat for Wolves in Eastern North America. Wildlife Society Bulletin 26: 767-75.

Johst, K., and R. Brandl. 1997. The Effect of Dispersal on Local Population Dynamics. Ecological Modeling 104: 87-101.

Kay, C. E. 1998. Are Ecosystems Structured From the Top-Down or Bottom-Up: a New Look At an Old Debate. Wildlife Society Bulletin 484-498.

Kellert, S. R., M. Black, C. R. Rush, and A. J. Bath. 1996. Human Culture and Large Carnivore Conservation in North America. Conservation Biology 10: 977-90.

Kluger, Jeffrey. 1998. The Big (Not So Bad) Wolves of Yellowstone. Time Magazine 151: 22-25.

Lariviere, S., H. Jolicoeur, and M. Crete. 2000. Status and Conservation of the Gray Wolf (Canis Lupus) in Wildlife Reserves of Quebec. Biological Conservation 94: 143-51.

Linden, Eugene. 1992. Search for the Wolf: Yellowstone National Park. Time Magazine 140: 66-67.

Linnell, JDC, JE Swenson, and R Anderson. 2000.Conservation of Biodiversity in Scandinavian Boreal Forests: Large Carnivores As Flagships, Umbrellas, Indicators, or Keystones? Biodiversity and Conservation 9, no. 7: 857-68.

McCullough, D. R. 1996. Spatially Structure Populations and Harvest Theory. Journal of Wildlife Management 60: 1-9.

McIntyre, Rick. 1995. War Against the Wolf: America's Campaign to Exterminate the Wolf. Vancouver: Voyageur Press, Inc.

McLaren, B. E., and R. O. Peterson. 1994. Wolves, Moose, and Tree Rings on Isle Royale. Science 266: 1555-8.

Mech, David L., Layne G. Adams, Thomas J. Meier, John W. Burch, and Bruce W. Dale. 1998. The Wolves of Denali. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press.

Mech, L. D. 1995. The Challenge and Opportunity of Recovering Wolf Populations. Conservation Biology 9: 270-8.

Mech, L. D. 1977. Wolf-Pack Buffer Zones As Prey Reservoirs. Science 198, no. 4314: 320-1.

Mech, L. D., and P. D. Karns. 1977. Role of the Wolf in a Deer Decline in the Superior National Forest. USDA Forest Service Research Paper .

Messier, F. 1985b. Social Organization, Spatial Distribution, and Population Density of Wolves in Relation to Moose Density. Canadian Journal of Zoology 63: 1068-77.

Messier, F. 1985a. Solitary Living and Extraterritorial Movements of Wolves in Relation to Social Status and Prey Abundance. Canadian Journal of Zoology 63: 239-45.

Mills, L. S., M. E. Soule, and D. F. Doak. 1993. The Keystone-Species Concept in Ecology and Conservation. Bioscience 43: 219-23.

Mladenoff, D. J., and T. A. Sickley. 1998. Assessing Potential Gray Wolf Restoration in the Northeastern United States: a Spatial Predition of Favorable Habitat and Potential Production Levels. Journal of Wildlife Management 62: 1-10.

Mladenoff, D. J., T. A. Sickley, R. C. Haight, and A. P. Wydeven. 1995. A Regional Landscape Analysis and Prediction of Favorable Gray Wolf Habitat in the Northern Great Lakes Region. Conservation Biology 9: 279-94.

Noss, Reed F., and Allen Y. Cooperrider. 1994. Saving Nature's Legacy - Protecting and Restoring Biodiversity. Washington DC: Island Press.

Peterson, R. O., R. E. Page, and K. M. Dodge. 1984. Wolves, Moose, and the Allometry of Population Cycles. Science 224, no. 4655: 1350-2.

Phillips, Mike, and Doug Smith. 1996. The Wolves of Yellowstone. Minnesota: Voyageur Press, Inc.

Post, Eric, Rolf O. Peterson, Nils Chr. Stenseth, and Brian E. McLaren. 1999. Ecosystem Consequences of Wolf Behavioral Response to Climate. Nature 401: 905-7.

Potvin, F., H. Jolicoeur, L. Breton, and R. Lenieus. 1992. Evaluation of an Experimental Wolf Reduction and Its Impact on Deer in Papineqau-Labelle Reserve, Quebec. Canadian Journal of Zoology 70: 1595-603.

Pulliam, H. R., and B. J. Danielson. 1991. Sources, Sinks, and Habitat Selection: a Landscape Perspective on Population Dynamics. American Naturalist 137: 50-66.

Ripple, William J., and Eric J. Larsen. 2000. Historic Aspen Recruitment, Elk, and Wolves in Northern Yellowstone National Park, USA. Biological Conservation 95: 361-70.

Schmitz, O. J., A. P. Beckerman, and K. M. O'Brien. 1997. Behaviorally Mediated Trophic Cascades: Effects of Predation Risk on Food Web Interactions. Ecology 78, no. 1388-1399.

Schullery, Paul. 1996. The Yellowstone Wolf - A Guide and Sourcebook. Wyoming: High Plains Publishing Company, Inc.

Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio, Dada Gottelli, and David W Macdonald. 1996. Male Philopatry, Extra-Pack Copulations and Inbreeding Avoidance in Ethiopian Wolves (Canis simensis). Behavioral Ecology Sociobiology 38: 331-40.

Singer, F. J. 1991. Some Predictions Concerning a Wolf Recovery into Yellowstone National Park: How Wolf Recovery May Affect Park Visitors, Ungulates and Other Predators. N.A. Wildlife and Nat. Res. Conf. Trans. 56th: 567-83.

Singer, F. J., A. Harting, K. K. Symonds, and M. B. Coughenour. 1997. Density Dependence, Compensation, and Evironmental Effects on Elk Calf Mortality in Yellowstone National Park. Journal of Wildlife Management 61: 12-25.

Skow, John. 1989. The Brawl of the Wild. Time Magazine 134: 13-14.

Steinhart, Peter. 1995. The Company of Wolves. New York: Vintage Books.

Tanner, James T. 1975. The Stability and the Intrinsic Growth Rates of Prey and Predator Populations. Ecology 56, no. 4: 855-67.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1992. Recovery Plan for the Eastern Timber Wolf. US Fish and Wildlife Service : 1-73.

Williams, Ted. 2000. Living With Wolves. Audubon : 50-57.

Wydeven, A. P., T. K. Fuller, W. Wever, and K. MacDonald. 1998. The Potential for Wolf Recovery in the Northeastern United States Via Dispersal From Southeastern Canada. Wildlife Society Bulletin 26: 776-84.

Zimen, Erik. 1981. The Wolf - A Species in Danger. New York: Delacorte Press.

 

Dutcher, Jim. Pers. Comm. August, 2000.

Stone, Lynne K. Boulder-White Clouds Council. Pers. Comm. October, 2000.

http://midwest.fws.gov/wolf

http://endangered.fws.gov

www.forwolves.org

www.wolveswolveswolves.org

www.wolf.org

www.mindspring.com

www.northrim.net

www.iup.edu

 

 

return home